Changes in epidemiology may leave the door open to adult pneumococcal disease1

Although progress has been made to decrease the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), it remains a serious risk to adults aged 65 and older. In 2019, ~1 in 7 cases in the US resulted in death.1,2,3,a,b

a2020 Active Bacterial Core surveillance epidemiology data (“ABC data”) reflect ~1 in 5 cases in the US resulted in death, though CDC noted historic decreases in the burden of IPD monitored by ABC data were likely due to the associated mitigation measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic.4,5

There are ~100 known Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes, but they do not all contribute equally to the burden of IPD.6

Nearly 1 in 2 cases of IPD in adults aged 65+ were due to serotypes not included in current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (US 2019).1,b,c

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Serotypes contributing to the burden of IPD in adults aged 65+ changed over time1,b
Non-PCV Serotypes Were About 10% of IPD Cases in 1998, About 40% of Cases in 2010 and About 47% of Cases in 2019 (c).

PCVs contain serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 8, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, and 33F.

c2020 Active Bacterial Core surveillance epidemiology data (“ABC data”) reflect 56% of cases due to PCV serotypes and 44% of cases due to non-PCV serotypes, ~1 in 2 cases of IPD in adults aged 65+, though CDC noted historic decreases in the burden of IPD monitored by ABC data were likely due to the associated mitigation measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic.1,5

Have you considered the serotypes that cause pneumococcal disease in adults?

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Invasive pneumococcal disease.
Understand the risk.

CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IPD, invasive pneumococcal disease; PCV, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; US, United States.

bPercentages are based on CDC ABC surveillance data representing ~17 to 35 million persons and 8 to 10 states across the US.2,4,7,8

References

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Active Bacterial Core (ABC) bact facts interactive data dashboard 1997 to 2021. Last reviewed September 20, 2023. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/abcs/bact-facts-interactive-dashboard.html
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) report emerging infections program network Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2019. Updated September 22, 2023. Accessed November 29, 2023. www.cdc.gov/abcs/downloads/SPN_Surveillance_Report_2019.pdf
  3. Gierke R. Current epidemiology of pneumococcal disease, United States–2019 updates. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated June 25, 2021. Accessed March 3, 2023. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/109108
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) report emerging infections program network Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2020. Updated September 22, 2023. Accessed November 29, 2023. www.cdc.gov/abcs/downloads/SPN_Surveillance_Report_2020.pdf
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) report data and impacts of COVID-19, 2020. Updated September 22, 2023. Accessed October 5, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/abcs/reports-findings/data-2020.html
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Pneumococcal disease. Last reviewed August 18, 2021. Accessed March 3, 2023. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/pneumo.html
  7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) report emerging infections program network Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1998. Updated October 13, 1999. Accessed September 13, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/abcs/reports-findings/survreports/spneu98.pdf
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) report emerging infections program network Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2010. Updated January 05, 2012. Accessed October 5, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/abcs/reports-findings/survreports/spneu10.pdf